Introduction and aims
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) modulates insulin secretion and sensitivity in mice, and higher ucOC is associated with lower diabetes risk in men (1). Diabetes is associated with cardiovascular risk, but the influence of ucOC on incidence of cardiovascular events is unclear. We examined associations of ucOC and other bone turnover markers with incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in older men.
Participants and methods
This was a longitudinal study of community-dwelling men aged 70-89 years resident in Perth, Western Australia. Serum total osteocalcin (TOC), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and collagen type I C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) were measured by immunoassay, and ucOC by hydroxyapatite binding. The ratio ucOC/TOC was calculated. Hospital admissions and deaths from myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke were ascertained.
Results
There were 3,384 men followed for 7.0 years during which 293 experienced an MI, 251 stroke and 2,840 neither. In multivariate analyses, higher ratio of ucOC/TOC (expressed as %) was associated with lower incidence of MI (quartiles Q2-4, ≥49% vs Q1,<49%, hazard ratio [HR]=0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.54-0.91), but not of stroke (0.99, 0.73-1.34). Higher P1NP was associated with higher incidence of MI (Q2-4, ≥28.2 µg/L vs Q1, <28.2 µg/L, HR=1.45, 95% CI=1.06-1.97), but not of stroke (0.94, 0.70-1.26). CTX was not associated with incident MI or stroke. These results were unchanged following exclusion of men experiencing MI within the first year of follow-up.
Conclusions
A reduced proportion of ucOC relative to TOC, or higher P1NP, is associated with increased incidence of MI. UcOC/TOC ratio and P1NP predict risk of MI but not stroke, in a manner distinct from CTX. Further studies are needed to investigate potential mechanisms by which bone turnover markers related to metabolic risk and to collagen formation could modulate cardiovascular risk.