In vitro fertilisation (IVF) has revolutionised human reproduction and enabled millions of couples with compromised fertility to conceive children. Developmental programming is a well-recognised concept, but the long term health implications of IVF are under-studied. The data that has emerged in recent years suggests that children conceived by IVF are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, later in life. However, human studies cannot separate out risk from genetics/environment. Here, I will summarise the existing evidence in humans, and in mouse models, including our own recent data in humans and in genetically identical, young adult C57Bl6/J mice that were generated utilising state of the art embryo culture. Our data suggests that human and mouse IVF offspring are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance, which is considered a hallmark of these metabolic diseases. We are now working towards understanding the cause of insulin resistance in IVF models, and whether this is a result of embryo culture, or ovarian stimulation and finally we hope to determine whether this risk can be mitigated and/or eliminated in future generations.